Australia- China relations have long been marked by fundamental tension. Economically, the two sides have been increasingly intertwined, with Australia providing many of the commodities on which China’s industry relies. From 2011 to 2021, Australia’s exports to China have been constantly rising, despite the Covid-19 pandemic & trade tensions developing between them in 2020. In 2021 (till Sep data), Australia shipped goods worth US$ 94.8 billion to China. China is Australia’s largest trading partner in terms of both exports and imports. 25% of Australia’s manufactured imports come from China; 13% of its exports are thermal coal to China. The ongoing trade relations between Australia and China became tougher in 2020, when the Australian government led an international call for an